钢包红包接钢，加速周转，防止粘渣 ladle red color loading steel liquid , fast speed turnover , to prevent stick slag
2022-03-26
钢包使用高铝质及一些碱性耐火材料内衬，包壁容易粘渣或结瘤，随着使用次数增加，粘渣越积越厚，造成有效容积减少，空包重量增加，如果达到或超过行车起吊重量，就给生产带来安全隐患。粘渣严重的只好拆除，这样使包龄降低，耐火材料消耗增加。采用红包接钢，加快钢包周转，急冷急热减少，包衬裂纹减少，粘渣就轻。山东某钢厂为加快钢包周转，编制了炼钢—精炼—连铸的钢包路径计划，有空包行走路径和重包行走路径计划。钢包有序调度，加大红包利用率，不但减轻钢包挂渣，还降低了能耗。
钢包挂渣的原因比较复杂，与炼钢工艺、钢种、耐火材料的材质和质量、钢包保温、钢包周转快慢等因素有关。其中加快周转、红包接钢是比较通用的办法。当然也有的耐火材料对所有钢种基本上都不粘渣，如蜡石砖。它的侵蚀机理是以熔蚀为主，与钢水熔渣接触形成黏度很高的液相层，阻止熔渣渗透，而且受热后具有微膨胀、内衬整体性好等优点。但其耐火性能差，当连铸和精炼上马后，蜡石砖被淘汰。
其次是钢包口结渣亦不能忽视，会使包口有效面积减小，造成倒渣不干净。往往采用烧氧切割或机械拆除，大多会破坏包衬，还消耗大量劳力。可以在包衬内表面涂抹或喷涂一层涂料，隔绝熔渣与包衬的接触，达到防止包衬粘渣的目的。方斌祥等人以菱镁矿、石英、黏土、氧化铬微粉及磷酸盐为原料做出的防粘渣涂料，在宝钢精炼包的镁碳砖表面上涂覆3～5mm厚，浇铸完成后，与黏附在镁碳砖表面的熔渣一起脱落，延长了渣线和包口镁碳砖的使用寿命。也有采用碳化硅和石墨等不易被熔渣润湿的物质，但价格较高。
Steel ladle use high aluminum and some basic refractory materials, and the wall is easy to stick slag or tumor. With the number of use, the adhesive residue becomes thicker, resulting in a reduction of effective volume and empty weight. If the lifting weight is reached or exceeded, it will bring safety risks to production.Serious sticky slag had to be removed, so that the packaging age was reduced and the consumption of refractory materials was increased.Use red envelope to connect steel, speed up the turnover of steel package, cold and heat reduce, package crack reduce, sticky slag is light.In order to speed up the turnover of steel package, a steel mill in Shandong Province has compiled a steel refining-refining-continuous cast steel package path plan, with empty package walking path and heavy package walking path plan.Orderly scheduling of steel packages, increase the utilization rate of red envelopes, not only reduces the steel package hanging slag, but also reduces the energy consumption.
The reasons for steel package hanging slag are more complex, related to steelmaking process, steel type, material and quality of refractory materials, steel package insulation, fast and slow steel package turnover and other factors.Among them, to speed up the turnover, red envelope receiving steel is a more common method.Of course, there are also refractory materials for all steel species, such as wax stone brick.Its erosion mechanism is mainly melting erosion, contact with steel water slag to form a liquid phase layer with high viscosity, to prevent the slag penetration, and has the advantages of micro-expansion and good lining integrity after heating.But its fire resistance was poor, and when cast and refined, wax bricks were eliminated.
Secondly, the steel package port slag can not be ignored, will make the effective area of the package mouth reduce, resulting in slag is not clean.Often use of oxygen cutting or mechanical demolition, most will damage the lining, but also consume a lot of labor.A coating can be applied or coated on the lining surface to isolate the contact between the slag and the lining to achieve the purpose of preventing the lining adhesion slag.The anti-adhesive slag coating made of magnesium mineral, quartz, clay, chromium oxide powder and phosphate was coated with 3~5mm thick on the surface of magnesium carbon brick of baosteel refining package. After pouring, it fell off together with the slag attached to the surface of magnesium carbon brick, extending the service life of slag line and package mouth magnesium carbon brick.There are also silicon carbide and graphite substances that are not easy to be wet by slag, but the price is high.
